There are screen shots of the disease list as well as the soft copy just in case you would like to paste it in ur notes and edit some emojis to it;
Cirrhosis
-liver severely damaged
-forced to break down high amount of alcohol ➡️ Fatty acids
-contributes liver tissue damage, formation of fibrous scar tissue
Peptic ulcer
-excess secretion of HCL and pepsin
-presence of helicobacter pylori (bacteria) in stomach
-➡️cancer (H.pylori)
Gastritis
-epithelial lining of stomach is inflamed
-stomach lining is covered with lining of mucus
-gastric juice is secreted whenever the person is hungry
-if there’s ❌
then the gastric juice will react with the epithelial lining
of stomach wall
-damage to stomach lining
-may ➡️ gastric ulcer
-excess alcohol
and stress
can damage stomach lining
-taking aspirin
and pain relievers can inflame stomach
-treatment : antacids to neutralize stomach acids
Obesity
– excess storage of energy in form of fats
-lack balance between food intake➕energy expenditure
-➡️cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus
Anorexia nervosa
-intense fear of gaining weight
-refrain from eating 
-lose of fat and muscles
-disrupt functions of heart
endocrine and reproductive system
Bulimia nervosa
-eat huge amount of food in a short time 


-purging immediately
-injury to digestive tract/kidney damage/cardiovascular disease
Thrombosis
-blood clot(thrombus)
-blockage at artery
Embolism
-thrombus circulates in blood circulation, it forms an embolus
-embolus trapped in small artery, causes blockage
Angina
-coronary artery partially blocked
-chest pains
Heart attack
-supply of oxygen to heart is blocked ♥️✖️
Stroke
-blockage of blood to brain
-embolus block blood flow to the brain
Oedema
-tissue swelling
-accumulation of interstitial fluid that is unable to return to blood
Elephantiasis
-edematous disease
-caused by filarial parasitic worms
-transmitted by mosquitoes
-worms live in lymphatic vessels
-causes blockage
Scoliosis
-abnormal sideway curvature of spine at thoracic region
-treatment : body braces or surgery
Osteoporosis
-bone mass reduced
-porous, lighter
-old people/ menopause
-women do not produce sex hormone: estrogen
-bone becomes soft and brittle
-treatment : weight bearing exercise, diet rich in calcium phosphorus vitamin D,
refrain from smoking

Muscular dystrophy
-is the degeneration of muscles
-muscles enlarge owing to deposits of fats and connective tissue
-so, the muscle fibers degenerate and become small
-inherited disease at X chromosome
-affect the legs upwards, then chest and neck
-difficult to breathe and suffocate
-treatment : inject steroids to improve strength of muscles
Arthritis
-inflammation or degeneration of joints
Osteoarthritis
-cartilage breaks down due to wear and tear
-old people normally 

Rheumatoid arthritis
-inflammation of synovial membrane of joints
-at fingers, wrists, ankles, feet
Gout
-accumulation of excess protein
-protein becomes uric acid
-deposition of uric acid in joints
Concussion 
-bruise-like injury of the brain
Spinal cord injuries
-spinal cord is cut or crushed ✂️
-results in paralysis
Alzheimer’s disease
-loss of memory and intellectual ability 

-shrinkage of brain tissue
-lack of neurotransmitters (acetylcholine)
-can be inherited
Parkinson’s disease
-tremors and weakness of muscles
-reduced level of neurotransmitters (dopamine)
-caused by hardening of cerebral arteries
-not hereditary
-treatment : Levodopa
Goitre
-enlargement of thyroid gland
-iodine deficiency
-too little thyroxine produced causes thyroid gland to enlarge
Cretinism 

-lack of thyroxine
-➡️mental retardation and dwarfism
Hypothyroidism 

-lack of thyroxine
-➡️enlarged thyroid gland, slow heart beat rate, fatigue, weight gain
Hyperthyroidism
-too much thyroxine
-enlarged thyroid gland, rapid heart beat rate, nervousness, hand tremor, weight loss
Gigantism 
-too much growth hormone
Dwarfism
-too little growth hormone
Diabetes insipidus
-lack of ADH
-large volume of urine excreted
-body loses too much water

Oedema
-too much ADH
-accumulation of excess fluid in body
Diabetes type I
-little or no secretion of insulin
-before age 15
-treatment : inject insulin
Diabetes type II
-after age 40
-cells cannot respond to insulin
-treatment : diet/exercise but, still inject insulin

menopause
-menstruation stops
-slowly produce less progesterone and estrogen 
-hot flushes, mood changes, sleeping problems, hair loss, weight gain
Down’s syndrome
-abnormal number of autosomes
-has 3 chromosomes 21 (trisomy 21)
-47 chromosome (2n + 1)
-results in non-disjunction during meiosis
-fail to separate during anaphase I and II
-slanted eyes
, protruding tongue
, short palms
, mentally retarded
Haemophilia
-sex linked hereditary
-recessive allele on X chromosome
-blood clots very slowly due to lack of blood clotting factors
-problem to clot (no clotting factor VIII)
-may die due to excess bleeding
colour blindness
-sex linked hereditary
-unable to see difference in colours
-normally red-green colour blindness
-recessive allele on X chromosome
Hereditary disease
-due to defective genes on autosomes
-➡️albinism, sickle cell anaemia, thalassemia, cystic fibrosis
-due to sex linked genes
-➡️haemophilia, colour blindness, Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Turner’s syndrome
-absence one sex chromosome
-45 (44 + XO)
-most females
-characteristics
swollen feet when born, poor breast development
no menstruation
Klinefelter’s syndrome
-extra X chromosome
-47 (44 + XXY)
-most males
-characteristics
male breasts, less muscular, infertility/small penis
Albinism
-lack of melanin in eyes, skin, hair 
-may have vision problems
-sensitive to UV rays
️
-treatment➡️ wear sunscreen, cover up completely


-wear sunglasses (UV protected)
Credits; Amani
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